
By P. L. Knight, L. Allen
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Example text
The coupling of an atom to an electromagnetic field can be described in a number of different ways. 2) where V(r) is the Coulomb interaction which binds the electron to the atomic nucleus. 5) with zero static potential
11) that V(t) excites transitions between all accessible states |k> to the state |&>. (0) = 1. Population is lost from |i> as time goes on so that a^(t) is diminished by couplings V^f(t) to excited states f ^ i. Population is increased in the initially unoccupied excited states |f> , so that the probability amplitudes for such excited states, af(t) increase. 13) P ^ f( t ) =a*(t)a f(t). 11) for the probability amplitudes are exactly soluble only for very simple cases. In^general we must make approximations concerning the strength of the coupling V(t).
25) Coherence Functions 49 which is the density matrix for the two-state system. the measurable information about our system. It contains all of The expectation value of an operator 6 can be written as <6> =